Richard A. Normann, Ph.D.

Publications


Textbooks and proceedings editor

Chapters in books

Articles in refeered journals

Abstracts, proceedings and invited presentations

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Textbooks and proceedings editor



Chapters in books



Articles in refereed journals


·        Normann, R. A., and Werblin, F. S.  Control of Retinal Sensitivity: I. Light- and Dark-Adaptation of Vertebrate Rods and Cones.   J. Gen. Physiol. 63:37-61; 1974. 

·        Normann, R. A., and Pochobradsky, J.  Oscillations in Rod and Horizontal Cell Membrane Potential; Evidence for Feedback to Rods in the Vertebrate Retina.  J. Physiol. 261:15-29; 1976.

·        Leeper, H. F., Normann, R. A., and Copenhagen, D. R.  Evidence for Passive Electrotonic Interactions in Red Rods of Toad Retina.  Nature 275:234-235; 1978.

·        Normann, R. A., and Perlman, I.  The Effects of Background Illumination on the Photo-responses of Red and Green Cones.  J. Physiol. 286:491-507; 1979.  

·        Normann, R. A., and Perlman, I.  Signal Transmission from Red Cones to Horizontal Cells in Turtle Retina.  J. Physiol. 286:509-524; 1979.  

·        Normann, R. A., and Perlman, I.  Evaluating Sensitivity Changing Mechanisms in Light-Adapted Photoreceptors.  Vision Res. 19:39l-394; 1979. 

·        Normann, R. A., Kolb, H., Hanani, M., Pasino, E., and Holub, R.  Orientation of Horizontal Cell Axon Terminals in the Streak of the Turtle Retina.  Nature 280:60-62; 1979.

·        Perlman, I., and Normann, R. A.  Short Wavelength Input to Luminosity Type Horizontal Cells in the Turtle Retina.  Vision Res. 19:903-906; 1979.

·        Normann, R. A., and Kolb, H.  Anatomy and Physiology of the Horizontal Cells of the Visual Streak Region of the Turtle Retina.  Vision Res. 21:1585-1588; 1981.

·        Baxter, B. S., Ravindra, H., and Normann, R. A.  Changes in Lesion Detectability Caused by Light Adaptation in Retinal Photoreceptors.  Invest. Radiology 17:394-401; 1982.

·        Kolb, H., and Normann, R. A.  A-Type Horizontal Cells in the Superior Edge of the Linear Visual Streak of the Rabbit Retina Have Oriented, Elongated Dendritic Trees.  Vision Res. 22:905-916; 1982.  

·        Normann, R. A.  Review of "8080/8085 Software Design with 190 Software Solutions."  J. Electrophys. Tech. 9; 1982.  

·        Ravindra, H., Normann, R. A., and Baxter, B. S.  The Effect of Extraneous Light on Lesion Detectability; A Demonstration.  Invest. Rad. 18:105-106; 1983.

·        Normann, R. A., Baxter, B. S., Ravindra, H., and Anderton, P. J.  The Photoreceptor Contributions to Contrast Sensitivity: Applications in Radiological Diagnosis.  IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.  SMC-13(5):944-953; 1983.

·        Normann, R.A., and Anderton, P. J.  The Incremental Sensitivity Curve of Turtle Cone Photoreceptors.  Vision Res. 23:1731-1733; 1983.

·        Ives, J. T., Normann, R. A., and Barber, P.  Light energy intensification by cone oil droplets: electromagnetic considerations.  J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73(12):1725-1731; 1983.

·        Normann, R. A., Perlman, I., Kolb, H., Jones, J., and Daly, S. J.  Direct Excitatory Interactions Between Cones of Different Spectral Types in the Turtle Retina.  Science 224:625-627; 1984.

·        Normann, R. A.  How Near is the Bionic Future?  M.D. Computing 1:56-62; 1984.

·        Normann, R. A., Perlman, I., and Daly, S. J.  Mixing of Color Signals by Turtle Cone Photoreceptors.  J. Neurophys. 54:293-30; 1985.

·        Perlman, I., Normann, R. A., Itzhaki, A., and Daly, S. J.: Chromatic and Spatial Information Processing by Red Cones and L-type Horizontal Cells in the Turtle Retina.  Vision Res. 25:543-549; 1985.

·        Daly, S. J., and Normann, R. A.  Temporal Information Processing in Cones: Effects of Light Adaptation on Temporal Summation and Modulation.  Vision Res. 25:1197-1206; 1985. 

·        Normann, R. A.  Visual Information Processing by Turtle Photoreceptors.  IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 857-862; 1985 (ISSN 0360-8913).

·        Normann, R. A.  Review of "Microcomputers for Process Control."  J. Electrophys. Tech., pp. 190-191; 1985.

·        Normann, R. A., Perlman, I., and Daly, S. J.  The Effects of Continuous Superfusion of L-aspartate and L-glutamate on Horizontal Cells of the Turtle Retina.  Vision Res. 26:259-268; 1986.

·        Perlman, I., Normann, R. A., and Anderton, P. J.  The Effects of Prolonged Superfusions with Acidic Amino Acids and their Agonists on Field Potentials and Horizontal Cell Photoresponses in the Turtle Retina.  J. Neurophys. 57:1022-1032; 1987.

·        Johnson, R. W., and Normann, R. A.  Mechanical and Mathematical Modelling of Heat Transport Through the Heart.  Ann. Biomed. Eng. 15:603-617; 1987

·        Johnson, R. W., and Normann, R. A.  Signal Processing Strategies for the Enhancement of the Signal To Noise Ratio of Thermodilution Measurements.  Ann. Biomed. Eng. 16:265-278; 1988.

·        Normann, R. A., Perlman, I., and Anderton, P. J.  Modulation of Cone to Horizontal Cell Signal Transmission in the Turtle Retina by Magnesium in Calcium Free Superfusate.  Brain Res. 443:95-100; 1988.

·        Kolb, H., Perlman, I., and Normann, R. A.  Neural Organization of the Retina of the Turtle, Mauremys Caspica: a Light Microscope and Golgi Study.  Vis. Neurosci. 1:47-72; 1988.

·        Normann, R. A., Johnson, R., Messinger, J., and Sohrab, B.  A Continuous Cardiac Output Computer Based On Thermodilution Principles.  Ann. Biomed. Eng. 17:61-73; 1989.

·        Johnson, R. W., and Normann, R. A.  Central Venous Blood Temperature Fluctuations and Thermodilution Signal Processing in Dogs.  Ann. Biomed. Eng. 17:657-669; 1989.

·        Campbell, P. K., Normann, R. A., Horch, K. W., and Stensaas, S. S.  A Chronic Intracortical Electrode Array: Preliminary Results.  J. Biomed. Mats. Res.: Applied Biomats. 23:245-259; 1989.

·        Lasater, E., Normann, R. A., and Kolb, H. E.  Signal Integration at the Pedicle of Turtle Cone Photoreceptors: An Anatomical and Electrophysiological Study.  Vis. Neurosci. 2:553-564; 1989.

·        Normann, R. A., and Perlman, I.  Background and Bleaching Adaptation in Luminosity Type Horizontal Cells in the Isolated Turtle Retina.  J. Physiology 421:321-341; 1990.

·        Perlman, I., Normann, R. A., Chandler, J., and Lipetz, L.  The Effects of Calcium Ions on L-Type Horizontal Cells in the Isolated Turtle Retina.  Vis. Neurosci. 4:53-62; 1990.

·        Perlman, I. and Normann, R. A.  The Effects of GABA and Related Drugs on Horizontal Cells in the Isolated Turtle Retina.  Vis. Neurosci. 5:469-477; 1990.

·        Ammermuller, J., Guiloff, G., Normann, R. A., and Kolb, H.  A 'Puff and Advance' Technique for Visually Controlled Staining of Turtle Retinal Ganglion Cells.  J. Neurosci. Methods 32:235-243; 1990.

·        Campbell, P. K., Jones, K. E., Huber, R .J., Horch, K. W., and Normann, R. A.  A Silicon-Based Three-Dimensional Neural Interface: Manufacturing Processes for an Intracortical Electrode Array.  IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 38:758-768; 1991.

·        Normann, R. A., Wood, J. E., DeCaprio, V., and VanWagoner, E.  Bioengineering Education: A Survey of Industrial Images, Needs and Usage.  Biomed. Eng. Soc. Bulletin. 15(4):57-60; 1991.

·        Muller, J. F., Ammermuller, J., Normann, R. A., and Kolb, H.  Synaptic Inputs to Physiologically Defined Turtle RetinalGanglion Cells.  Vis. Neurosci. 7:409-430; 1991.

·        Rousche, P. K., and Normann, R. A.  A Method for Pneumatically Inserting an Array of Penetrating Electrodes into Cortical Tissue.  Ann. Biomed. Eng. 20:413-422; 1992.

·        Cha, K., Horch, K., and Normann, R. A.  Simulation of a Phosphene-Based Visual Field: Visual Acuity in a Pixelized Vision System.  Ann. Biomed. Eng. 20:439-449; 1992.

·        Cha, K., Horch, K. W., Normann, R. A., and Boman, D. K.  Reading Speed with a Pixelized Vision System.  J. Optical Soc. America 9:673-677; 1992.

·        Cha, K., Horch, K., and Normann, R. A.  Mobility Performance with a Pixelized Vision System.  Vision Res. 32:1367-1372; 1992.

·        Jones, K. E., Campbell, P. K., and Normann, R. A.  A Glass / Silicon Composite Intracortical Electrode Array.  Ann. Biomed. Eng. 20:423-437; 1992.

·        Abbasi, M., Johansson, T., and Normann, R. A.  Silicon Carbide Enhanced Thermomigration.  J. Applied Physics 72(5):1846-1851; 1992.

·        Johansson, T., Abbasi, M., Huber, R., and Normann, R. A.  A Three-Dimensional Architecture for a Parallel Processing Photosensing Array.  IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 39:1292-1297; 1993.

·        Perlman, I., Sullivan, J., and Normann, R. A.  Voltage and Time-Dependent Potassium Conductances Enhance the Frequency Response of Horizontal Cells in the Turtle Retina.  Brain Res. 619:89-97; 1993.

·        Schmidt, S., Horch, K., and Normann, R. A.  Biocompatability of Silicon Based Electrode Arrays Implanted in Feline Cortical Tissue.  J. Biomed. Mats. Res. 27:1393-1399; 1993.

·        Nordhausen, C. T., Rousche, P. J., and Normann, R. A.  Optimizing Recording Capabilities of the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array.  Brain Res. 637:27-36; 1994.

·        Normann, R. A.  Visual Neuroprosthetics: Functional Vision for the Blind.  IEEE Eng. in Medicine and Biology, Jan/Feb:77-83; 1995.

·        Normann, R. A., Maynard, E. M., Guillory, K. S., and Warren, D. J.  Cortical Implants for the Blind.  IEEE Spectrum, pp. 54-59 (May 1996).

·        Nordhausen, C. T., Maynard, E. M., and Normann, R. A.  Single Unit Recording Capabilities of a 100 Microelectrode Array.  Brain Res. 726:129-140; 1996.

·        Jones, K. E., and Normann, R. A.  An Advanced Demultiplexing System for Physiological Stimulation.  IEEE Trans. on Biomed. Eng. 44(12):1210-1220; 1997.

·        Maynard, E. M., Nordhausen, C. T., and Normann, R. A.  The Utah Intracortical Electrode Array: A Recording Structure for Potential Brain-Computer Interfaces. Electroenceph. and Clinical Neurophys. 102(3):228-239; 1997.

·        Jones, K. E., and Normann, R. A.  Demultiplexing of an Intracortical Electrode Array: Circuitry and Interconnect Techniques. Ann. of Biomed. Engrg.  In press (1999).

·        Rousche, P. J., and Normann, R. A.  Chronic Intracortical Microstimulation (ICMS) of Cat Sensory Cortex Using the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array.  IEEE Trans. on Rehab. Engrg., 7, 56-68 (1999).

·        Shah, M. R., Phillips, R. P., and Normann, R. A.  A Study of Printed Thin Film Coils for Transcranial Telemetry Applications.  IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 45(7): 867-876 (1998).

·        Rousche, P. J., and Normann, R. A.  Chronic Recording Capability of the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array in Cat Sensory Cortex.  J. Neurosci. Meth., 82:1-15 (1998).

·        Normann, R.A., Maynard, E.M., Rousche, P.J., and Warren, D.J. A Neural Interface For A Cortical Vision Prosthesis. Vision Research, 39 (15): 2577-2587 (1999).

·        García-de-Quirós, F.J., Ferrández ,J.M., Normann, R.A., and Fernández, E. Pulsed-Current Intracortical Stimulus Evaluation  using the Utah Electrode Array. IWANN, Lecture Notes on Computer Science in press (2001)


Abstracts, proceedings and invited presentations (since 1990)


·        Perlman, I., and Normann, R. A.  Direct Action of GABA on L-Type Horizontal Cells in the Turtle Retina.  Paper presented at ARVO '90.

·        Normann, R. A., and Perlman, I.  A Physiologically Based Estimate of the Extracellular Calcium Concentration in the Isolated Turtle Retina.  Paper presented at ARVO '90.

·        Campbell, P. K., Jones, K. E., and Normann, R. A.  A 100 Electrode Intracortical Array: Structural Variability.  Paper presented at the IEEE/EMBS Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium.  1990 April.

·        Normann, R. A., and Perlman, I.  GABA Produces Effects on Turtle Horizontal Cells which are Not Mimicked by Either Muscimol or Baclofin.  Paper presented at the International Congress of Eye Research.  Helsinki, Finland; 1990.

·        Normann, R. A.  A Penetrating, Cortical Electrode Array:  Design Considerations.  Paper presented at the IEEE Conference:  Systems, Man And Cybernetics.  1990 November.  (Printed in Proceedings of the IEEE, pp. 918-920; 1990.)

·        Cha, K., Horch, K. W., and Normann, R. A.  Simulation of a Phosphene Based Visual Prosthesis.  Paper Presented at the IEEE Conference:  Systems, Man And Cybernetics.  1990 November.  (Printed in Proceedings of the IEEE, pp. 921-923; 1990.)

·        Jones, K. E., Campbell, P. K., and Normann R. A.  Interelectrode Isolation in a Penetrating Intracortical Electrode Array.  Paper presented at a meeting of the IEEE/EMBS.  1990 November.  (Printed in Proceedings of the IEEE/EMBS 12:496-497; 1990.)

·        Rousche, P., and Normann, R. A.  A System for Impact Insertion of a 100 Electrode Array into Cortical Tissue.  Paper presented at a meeting of the IEEE/EMBS.  1990 November.  (Printed in Proceedings of the IEEE/EMBS 12:494-495; 1990.)

·        Cha, K., Horch, K. T., and Normann, R. A.  Studies of Visual Function with a Phosphene Simulator.  Paper presented at a meeting of the IEEE/EMBS.  1990 November.  (Printed in Proceedings of the IEEE/EMBS 12:2277-2278; 1990.)

·        Normann, R. A.  Recent Progress in "Artificial Vision."  Invited lecture at the Annual Meeting of SPIE (The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers).  1991.  (Printed in SPIE Ophthalmic Technologies 1423:40-45; 1991.) 

·        Normann, R. A., Campbell, P. K., and Jones, K. E.  Micromachined, Silicon Based Electrode Arrays for Electrical Stimulation of, or Recording from Cerebral Cortex.  Paper presented at a Meeting of the IEEE/MEMS.  1991.  (Printed in the Proceedings of the IEEE/MEMS, pp. 247-252; 1991.)

·        Normann, R. A., And Horch, K. W.  Visual Cortical and Peripheral Nerve Interfaces.  Invited lecture at the 22nd Neural Prosthesis Workshop, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD).  Washington D.C.; 1991 October 22-24.

·        Sullivan, J. M., Perlman, I., and Normann, R. A.  The Effects of Blocking of Voltage and Time Dependent Conductances in the OPL of the Turtle Retina.  Paper presented at ARVO '91.

·        Jones, K. E., and Normann, R. A.  A Multiplexing/Demultiplexing System for Use with an Intracortical Electrode Array.  Paper presented at a meeting of the IEEE/EMBS.  1992.

·        Nordhausen, C. T., Rousche, P. J., and Normann, R. A.  A Method for Acute Cerebral Cortex Recording Using the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array.  Paper presented at a meeting of the IEEE/EMBS.  1992.

·        Rousche, P. J., and Normann, R. A.  A Cortical Auditory Prosthesis: Preliminary Considerations.  Paper presented to the Bio. Mats. Eng. Soc.  1992.

·        Jones, K. E., and Normann, R. A.  A Demultiplexing System for an Intracortical Electrode Array.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the BMES, 1992.

·        Christopher, C. A., and Normann, R. A.  A Miniature Electrode Stimulator Used to Evaluate Chronic Biocompatibility of Stimulating Electrodes.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the BMES.  1992.

·        Ammermuler, J., Kolb, H., and Normann, R. A.  Color Pathways in the Inner Plexiform Layer of the Turtle Retina.  Paper presented at the International Congress of Eye Research.  Stressa, Italy; 1992 September.

·        Cha, K., Horch, K., and Normann, R. A.  Performance of Visually Guided Tasks Using a Pixelized Visual Sense.  Paper presented at the International Congress of Eye Research.  Stressa, Italy; 1992 September.

·        Perlman, I., Maynard, E., and Normann, R. A.  Simplicity, Complexity and Variability of Ganglion Cell Responses in the Turtle Retina.  Paper presented at ARVO '93.

·        Normann, R. A., Maynard, E., and Perlman, I.  The Turtle Retinal Output:  The Pattern of Ganglion Cell Responses to a Moving Bar of Light.  Paper presented at ARVO '93.

·        Maynard, E., and Normann, R. A.  Tracking Cat Eye Position: A Neuroprosthetic Application.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of  the IEEE-EMBS.  1993.

·        Shah, M. R., Phillips, R. P., and Normann, R. A.  A Transcutaneous Power and Data Link for Neuroprosthetic Applications.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of  the IEEE-EMBS.  1993.

·        Nordhausen, C. T., Rousche, P. J., and Normann, R. A.  Chronic Recording of Visually Evoked Responses Using the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of  the BMES.  1993.

·        James, K. J., Normann, R. A.  Semi-Quantitative Analysis Technique for Thin Film Adhesion.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the BMES.  1993.

·        Rousche, P. J., Nordhausen, C. T., and Normann, R. A.  Neural Imaging of the Tonotopic Map of Cat Primary Auditory Cortex.  Paper presented at the Society for Neuroscience meeting.  1994.

·        Nordhausen, C. T., Rousche, P. J., and Normann, R. A.  Mapping of Cat Area Centralis with a 100 Microelectrode Array.  Paper presented at the Soc. Neuroscience meeting.  1994.

·        Rousche, P. J., and Normann, R. A.  The Cat as an Animal Model for Neuroprosthetic Design: Description of a Forced Two-choice Behavioral Protocol.  Paper presented at the annual BMES meeting.  1994.

·        Shah, M. R., Phillips, R. P., and Normann, R. A.  Printed Thin Film Coils for Cortical Neuroprosthetic Applications.  Paper presented at the annual BMES meeting.  1994.

·        Maynard, E. M., and Normann, R. A.  Multi-Unit Activity as Input to Neuroprosthetic Devices.  Paper presented at the annual BMES meeting.  1994.

·        Johansson, T., Huber, R. J., and Normann, R. A.  Progress Towards a Three Dimensional Silicon Retina. Paper presented at the annual BMES meeting.  1994.

·        Rousche, P., and Normann, R.  Stimulation of Cat A1 with a 100-Elctrode Array.  Paper presented at the Conference on Implant Audit Prostheses, Asilomar.  1995.

·        McDowell, C., Ammermuller, J., and Normann, R. A.  Simultaneous Multi-Electrode, Multi-Unit Recordings of Ganglion Cell Responses to Full Field Chromatic Stimuli.  Paper presented at the annual BMES meeting.  1994.

·        Nordhausen, C. T., Maynard, E. M., and Normann, R. A.  Monocular and Binocular Units Mapped with a 100 Microelectrode Array in the Cat Striate Cortex.  Paper presented at ARVO '95.

·        Rousche, P. J., Nordhausen, C. T., Maynard, E. M., Guillory, K. S., and Normann, R. A.  Cortically Based Sensory Prostheses: Physiological Investigations.  Paper presented at the annual BMES meeting.  1995.

·        James, K., Kovacs, G., Whitehurst, T., and Norman, R. A.  The Use of Low Stress Silicon Nitride as a Biocompatible Insulator for Neuroprosthetic Applications.  Paper presented at the annual BMES meeting.  1995

·        Rousche, P. J., Nordhausen, C. T., and Normann, R. A.  Microstimulation of Auditory Cortex for a Potential Neuroprosthetic Using a 100-Electrode Array.  Paper presented at the Soc. Neuroscience meeting.  1995.

·        McNaughton, T. G., Horch, K. W., and Normann, R. A.  Chronically Implantable Intrafascicular Electrodes for Multiple Single Unit Recording in Feline Dorsal Rootlets.  Paper presented at the Soc. Neuroscience meeting.  1995.

·        Normann, R., Maynard, E., Nordhausen, C., Rousche, P., and Guillory, S.  A Silicon Based Multielectrode Array: The Foundation For  A Cortically Based Visual Prosthetic.  Paper presented at the JERMOV conference.  Montpellier, France; 1996 October.

·        Warren, D., Hadfield, N., Rousche, P., Normann, R.  Spatiotemporal Correlated Firing of V1 Neuron: Simultaneous Recordings from 16 Electrodes.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Soc. Neuroscience.  1996.

·        Maynard, E., Hatsopoulos, N., Ojakangas, C., Acuna, B., Sanes, J., Norman, R., Donoghue, J.  Simultaneous Recordings of Motor Cortical Neurons Allow Estimation of Movement Direction from Small Numbers of Neurons.  Paper presented at the Soc. Neuroscience annual meeting.  1996.

·        Branner, A., Kolb, H., Normann, R.  A 20 Channel Peripheral Nerve Interface: Recording and Stimulation in Mammalian Sciatic Nerve.  Paper presented at the Soc. Neuroscience annual meeting.  1996.

·        Hadfield, N., Maynard, E., Normann, R.  Advances in the Chronic Implantation of the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array.  Paper given at the annual meeting of the Soc. Neuroscience.  1996.

·        Ammermuller, J., Shoham, S., Branner, A., Fernandez, E., and Normann, R.  Representation of Color Information by a Small Network of Ganglion Cells in the Turtle Retina.  Paper presented at ARVO '97.

·        Normann, R., Maynard, E., Rousche, P., Nordhausen, C., Warren, D., and Guillory, K.  The Utah 100 Microelectrode Array: An Experimental Platform for a Cortically Based Vision Prosthesis.  Paper presented at ARVO '97.

·        Warren, D., Maynard, E., and Normann, R.  Background Cortical Activity: Correlated Firing of V1 Neurons in the Absence of Stimulation.  Paper presented at ARVO '97.

·        Normann, R. A., Ammermuller, J., Osan, R., and Fernandez, E.  Representations of Color, Form and Intensity by Populations of Turtle Retinal Ganglion Cells.  Paper presented at the Soc. Neuroscience annual meeting.  1997.

·        Guillory, K. S., Shoham, S., Warren, D. J., Maynard, E. M., and Normann, R. A.  Discrete Stimulus Classification from Multi-Channel Extracellular Recordings in Layer IV of Cat Primary Visual Cortex.  Paper presented at the Soc. Neuroscience annual meeting.  1997.

·        Warren, D. J., Maynard, E. M., and Normann, R. A.  Spatiotemporal Patterns of Spontaneous Activity in Cat Area 17.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Soc. Neuroscience.  1997.  

·        Branner, A., and Normann, R. A.  Consequences of High Velocity Insertion of a Multielectrode Array into Peripheral Nerve.  Paper presented at the Soc. Neuroscience annual meeting.  1997.

·        Shoham, S., Burr, R. B., Schmidt, R. H., Buzwell, H., and Normann, R. A.  Functional MRI Study of Human Primary Motor Cortical Representations Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Soc. Neuroscience.  1997.

·        Shoham, S., Osan, R., Ammermuller, J., Branner, A., Fernandez, E., and Normann, R.  The Classification of Spatial, Chromatic and Intensity Features of Simple Visual Stimuli by a Network of Retinal Ganglion Cells.  IWANN’97, Canary Islands, June 4-6, 1997.

·        Normann, R. A., and Maynard, E. M.  Recent Progress in Cortically Based Artificial Vision.  ARVO '98.in Monkey V1: Preliminary Testing for a Cortical Visual Prosthesis.  Paper presented at ARVO '98.

·        Branner, A., Stein, R.B., and Normann, R.A. Selective and Graded Recruitment of Muscle Force with an Intrafascicular Multielectrode Array.  Presented at Society for Neurosciences, 1999.Nonlinear Filtering for Directionally Tuned Neurons. Presented at Society for Neurosciences, 1999.

·        Warren, D.J. and Normann, R.A. Changes in Neural Firing Activity After Kindling in Cat Primary Visual Cortex.  Presented at Society for Neurosciences, 1999.

·        Warren, D.J. and Normann, R.A.  Stationarity of Receptive Field Characteristics with Non-Contextual Stimulation. Presented at ARVO, 1999.

·        Guillory, K.S., Shoham, S., and Normann, R.A. Coding Independence Between Neighboring Retinal Ganglion Cells. Presented at ARVO, 1999.

·        Clark, G.A., Normann, R.A., Tresco, et al. Neural Interfaces Laboratory. Presented at Society for Neurosciences, 2000.